21 CFR 211.188: Batch production and control records

Requires manufacturers to prepare a complete record for every drug batch, including a checked copy of the master record and documentation of each significant step, equipment, components, yields, labeling, testing, personnel, and investigations.

Part 211, Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals · Subpart J, Records and Reports

11%

of drug-manufacturing 483s since 2023 cite this section at least once

How FDA words it

The opening lines investigators use most when they cite 211.188, from the 483s we hold.

Batch production and control records do not include complete information relating to the production and control of each batch.Most used
The batch production and control records are deficient in that they do not include documentation of the accomplishment of each significant step in manufacturing.211.188(b)
Batch production and control records are not prepared for each batch of drug product produced and do not include complete information relating to the production and control of each batch.

Cited over time

483s citing 211.188, by year

Most citations in 2019. Bars are relative to the busiest year. *2026 to date.

Years shown: 2017 to 2026. The busiest year was 2019.

Recent 483s citing 211.188

See all 483s citing 211.188

The regulation text

§ 211.188 Batch production and control records.

Batch production and control records shall be prepared for each batch of drug product produced and shall include complete information relating to the production and control of each batch. These records shall include:

(a)An accurate reproduction of the appropriate master production or control record, checked for accuracy, dated, and signed;

(b)Documentation that each significant step in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of the batch was accomplished, including:

(1)Dates;

(2)Identity of individual major equipment and lines used;

(3)Specific identification of each batch of component or in-process material used;

(4)Weights and measures of components used in the course of processing;

(5)In-process and laboratory control results;

(6)Inspection of the packaging and labeling area before and after use;

(7)A statement of the actual yield and a statement of the percentage of theoretical yield at appropriate phases of processing;

(8)Complete labeling control records, including specimens or copies of all labeling used;

(9)Description of drug product containers and closures;

(10)Any sampling performed;

(11)Identification of the persons performing and directly supervising or checking each significant step in the operation, or if a significant step in the operation is performed by automated equipment under § 211.68, the identification of the person checking the significant step performed by the automated equipment.

(12)Any investigation made according to § 211.192.

(13)Results of examinations made in accordance with § 211.134.

[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 73 FR 51933, Sept. 8, 2008]

Questions

What does 21 CFR 211.188 require?

Requires manufacturers to prepare a complete record for every drug batch, including a checked copy of the master record and documentation of each significant step, equipment, components, yields, labeling, testing, personnel, and investigations.

How often is 211.188 cited in Form 483s?

It appears in about 11% of the drug-manufacturing 483s we hold from 2023 onward.

How do FDA investigators word a 211.188 observation?

The most common opening is: “Batch production and control records do not include complete information relating to the production and control of each batch.”

Which sections are cited alongside 211.188?

In the same 483s, investigators most often also cite 211.192 (Production record review), 211.22 (Responsibilities of quality control unit), 211.67 (Equipment cleaning and maintenance), 211.100 (Written procedures; deviations).